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Understanding lead in water and avoidance strategies: a United States perspective for informed decision-making. | LitMetric

Understanding lead in water and avoidance strategies: a United States perspective for informed decision-making.

J Water Health

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA E-mail:

Published: August 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • Lead in drinking water is a big health problem, but there are ways to lower the risks if people understand how it gets into the water and how to avoid it.
  • The paper talks about an easy "lead in water equation" that helps explain the factors that affect lead levels in drinking water, focusing on lessons learned from Flint, Michigan.
  • It also suggests different ways to avoid lead in water, like flushing pipes, using filters, drinking bottled water, and removing lead pipes, while considering the costs and how well these solutions work in different places.

Article Abstract

The pervasiveness of lead in drinking water poses a significant public health threat, which can be reduced by implementing preventive measures. However, the causes of elevated lead in water and the benefits of lead in water avoidance strategies are often misunderstood. Based on experiences in the United States, this paper describes an oversimplified 'lead in water equation' to explain key variables controlling the presence of lead in drinking water to better inform public health practitioners, government officials, utility personnel, and concerned residents. We illustrate the application of the equation in Flint, Michigan and explore the primary household-level water lead avoidance strategies recommended during the crisis, including flushing, filtration, bottled water use, and lead pipe removal. In addition to lead reduction, strategies are evaluated based on costs and limitations. While these lead avoidance strategies will reduce water lead to some degree, the costs, limitations, and effectiveness of these strategies will be site- and event-specific. This paper presents a simplified approach to communicate key factors which must be considered to effectively reduce waterborne lead exposures for a wide range of decision makers.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.272DOI Listing

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