Are There Any Predictors of Endometrial Premalignancy/Malignancy within Endometrial Polyps in Infertile Patients?

Background: In the literature, there is no detailed analysis on the prediction factors for premalignancy/malignancy within endometrial polyps (EPs) in infertile patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of endometrial premalignancy/malignancy within EPs in infertile patients undergoing office hysteroscopic polypectomy and identify the factors that can potentially predict an endometrial premalignancy/malignancy within EPs.

Method: A total of 957 infertile patients undergoing office hysteroscopy were diagnosed with EPs between February 2011 and August 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the pathological examination of EPs as benign (Group 1; n = 939) and premalignant/malignant (Group 2; n = 18). The medical records of all patients included in the study were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: In this cohort, prevalence of endometrial premalignancy/malignancy within EPs was 18/957 (1.88%). On univariate analysis, age, polyp size, diabetes, hypertension, and causes of infertility did not differ between the 2 groups. On multivariate analysis, diffuse polypoid appearance of the endometrial cavity on office hysteroscopy (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1; 95% CI 1.576-10.785), duration of infertility, (HR 4; 95% CI 1.279-12.562), and body mass index (HR 7.9; 95% CI 2.591-24.258) were found to be independent predictors of endometrial premalignancy/malignancy within polyps in infertile patients.

Conclusion: When diffuse polypoid appearance of the endometrial cavity is detected in an infertile patient during office hysteroscopy, hysteroscopy-guided resection and endometrial curettage should be performed. The pathological specimen should be sent for histopathological evaluation to diagnose possible endometrial premalignancy/malignancy within polyps.