Proteus mirabilis is a major cause of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). P. mirabilis' urease activity hydrolyzes urea and raises urine pH levels, which can catalyze bladder and kidney stone formation. This urolithiasis leads to harder-to-treat infections, possible urinary blockage, and subsequent septicemia. Development of a mucosal vaccine against P. mirabilis urinary tract infections is critical to protect against this potentially deadly infection process. Here, we describe the methodology necessary to produce a vaccine candidate conjugated to cholera toxin, administer the vaccine via the intranasal route, and test efficacy in a murine transurethral P. mirabilis infection model.
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