Intermediate-term outcomes of aortic valve replacement with bioprosthetic or mechanical valves in patients on hemodialysis.

Objective: To investigate the influence of choice of prosthesis (bioprosthetic valves or mechanical valves) on intermediate-term outcomes in patients on hemodialysis undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted in 18 Japanese centers. All adult patients on chronic hemodialysis who underwent AVR from 2008 and 2015 were included (n = 491). The early and late results were compared between groups. The hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression and Fine-Gray models with adjustment for propensity score based on 41 confounders. The mean follow-up period was 2.5 ± 2.1 years (up to 8.3 years) with 98% completeness.

Results: There were 323 patients who received a bioprosthetic valve (group B), and 168 patients who received a mechanical valve (group M). There was no significant difference for in-hospital death rate between groups (group B: 12.1%; group M: 8.9%; P = .29). The overall survival rate at 5 years after surgery was 39.3% in group B and 50.4% in group M (P = .42). Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 97.1% in group B and 97.8% in group M (P = .88). On propensity-score adjusted analyses, there were no significant differences in overall survival between groups.

Conclusions: There were no significant differences in overall survival between bioprosthetic valves and mechanical valves in patients on hemodialysis undergoing AVR.