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Using minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) to establish etiologies of community respiratory deaths among Zambian infants and children.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
December 2024
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
In low-to-middle income countries, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading infectious cause of death among infants and children under 5 years old. Case-control studies based on upper respiratory sampling have informed current understandings of ALRI etiologies; in contrast, minimally-invasive tissue sampling (MITS) offers a method of directly interrogating lower respiratory tract pathogens to establish etiologic distributions. This study performed in the post-mortem setting used MITS and a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel to elucidate causes of fatal pneumonia in the community in Lusaka, Zambia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBactrim-Induced Hepatotoxicity.
Cureus
November 2024
Cardiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA.
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for treating common bacterial infections such as urinary tract infection (UTI), combined with doxycycline for community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and invaluable in pneumonia (PJP), previously classified as . Of its known adverse reactions, hepatotoxicity rarely comes to mind, but indeed, it is a recognized but very rare adverse reaction that may lead to liver failure in adults and even rarer in children. We present a case of hepatotoxicity in a 43-year-old male patient on no prior medication who developed jaundice and highly elevated liver enzymes one week after the administration of Bactrim for the treatment of UTI in association with prostatism, symptoms of decreased urinary force due to obstruction of flow through the prostate gland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompeting risks multi-state model for time-to-event data analysis of HIV/AIDS: a retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of death among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Its significant impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the crucial link between these two diseases. While the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a dramatic decline in mortality rates among HIV/AIDS patients, TB continues to pose a substantial threat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Impact of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Cancer and Suspected Respiratory Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Background: Respiratory infections cause a significant amount of morbidity and mortality in pediatric and young adult patients with malignancy. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is frequently utilized in the diagnostic process, but which patients would most benefit is poorly understood.
Methods: A retrospective study from 2013-2022 examined patients with active malignancy who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL.
Nocardia farcinica pneumonia complicated by pneumocystis jiroveci infection in children with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: a case report and literature review.
Ital J Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
Background: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection that has a low prevalence rate, its clinical manifestations are atypical and can be easily misdiagnosed as other diseases. The correct diagnosis and treatment are frequently delayed by various factors. In this case report, we present a pediatric patient with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders who developed Nocardia farcinica pneumonia complicated by pneumocystis jiroveci infection.
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