Persistent interest lies in gender inequality, especially with regard to the favouring of sons over daughters. Economists are concerned with how privilege is transmitted across generations, and anthropologists have long studied sex-biased inheritance norms. There has, however, been no focused cross-cultural investigation of how parent-offspring correlations in wealth vary by offspring sex. We estimate these correlations for 38 wealth measures, including somatic and relational wealth, from 15 populations ranging from hunter-gatherers to small-scale farmers. Although small sample sizes limit our statistical power, we find no evidence of ubiquitous male bias, at least as inferred from comparing parent-son and parent-daughter correlations. Rather we find wide variation in signatures of sex bias, with evidence of both son and daughter-biased transmission. Further, we introduce a model that helps pinpoint the conditions under which simple mid-point parent-offspring wealth correlations can reveal information about sex-biased parental investment. Our findings are relevant to the study of female-biased kinship by revealing just how little normative descriptors of kinship systems, such as patrilineal inheritance, capture intergenerational correlations in wealth, and how variable parent-son and parent-daughter correlations can be. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0076 | DOI Listing |
Healthcare (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Dentistry and nursing students experience significant anxiety, negatively impacting their well-being and academic performance. This study aims to assess the prevalence and relationships of stress, anxiety, depression, resilience, hope, and spiritual well-being among dentistry and nursing students, identify demographic influences and propose strategies to enhance resilience and well-being. This study surveyed 271 students attending Greece's departments of dentistry and nursing at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, using an electronic questionnaire aimed to assess stress, anxiety, and depression (depression, anxiety, stress scale-DASS-21); resilience (resilience assessment questionnaire-RAQ8, brief resilience scale-BRS); hope (adult hope scale-AHS); and spiritual well-being (functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being scale-FACIT-Sp-12).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Background: The prevalence of cognitive impairments, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), has surged, necessitating rapid, cost‐effective, and non‐invasive diagnostic tools. Speech, as a rich source of cognitive indices, offers a promising avenue for distinguishing between healthy controls, MCI, and AD groups. However, the utilization of voice data poses privacy challenges, as speaker identities can be discerned through automatic speaker verification systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Homegarden agroforestry systems that integrate trees with agricultural practices are usually valued for the conservation of farm biodiversity. Despite the system having a significant conservation role, litle is known on woody species composition and diversity following the elevation belt of southwest Ethiopia. A complete enumeration of 72 homegardens (24 each from altitudinal gradient) was purposively selected for woody species inventory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in conspiracy theories worldwide. However, in Japan, the prevalence of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs has remained unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs using a survey of 28,175 residents of Japan aged 16-81 years old.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, IUT GB, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens, France.
Flavonoids have been documented to have good antioxidant activities in vitro. In recent years, reports on the antioxidant activities of flavone glycosides, a subclass of flavonoids, have attracted great attention. Despite the wealth of information on this subject, the correlation between structure and function is not well understood.
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