The efficacy and safety of a single tablet regimen (STR) of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) was analyzed in Phase 3 clinical trials in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and ART-experienced Asian participants infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 through 96 or 144 weeks. In Asian population requiring treatment, it is imperative to have data specific to this group, particularly as there is a general concern that Asians with lower body weight have increased risk of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-related renal dysfunction. Studies -104 and 111 were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 144-week studies conducted in ART-naive participants, comparing E/C/F/TAF versus E/C/F/TDF. Study 109 was a randomized, open-label, 96-week study conducted in virologically suppressed, ART-experienced participants, who switched to E/C/F/TAF from ritonavir/cobicistat-boosted atazanavir ATV+(RTV or COBI) + F/TDF regimens, from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) + F/TDF regimens, or from E/C/F/TDF. Study 112 was a single arm, open-label, 144-week study conducted in HIV suppressed, ART-experienced participants with mild-moderate renal impairment, who switched to E/C/F/TAF. Asian participants in these studies had sustained efficacy safety and tolerability. In Study 104/111, Asian participants achieved 93% virologic suppression on TAF vs 88% on TDF at week 144. At baseline, there were numerically more Asians with median CD4 counts < 200 cells/uL and VL > 100,000 c/mL. In Study 109, 95% of Asians on TAF vs 86% on TDF maintained virologic suppression at week 96. Lastly, in Study 112, 91% maintained virologic suppression at week 144. There were no discontinuations due to renal AE, no cases of PRT or Fanconi syndrome in any of the studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15284336.2019.1589232 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Hum Factors
January 2025
New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, United States.
Background: Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, are 2 densely populated South Asian neighboring regions with many socioeconomic and cultural similarities. In dealing with breast cancer (BC)-related issues, statistics show that people from these regions are having similar problems and fates. According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 and 2012 reports, for BC (particularly female BC), the age-standardized incidence rate is approximately 22 to 25 per 100,000 people, and the age-standardized mortality rate is approximately 11 to 13 per 100,000 for these areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Despite the rising prevalence of common mental symptoms, information is scarce on how health workers make sense of symptoms of mental disorders and perceive a link with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) as work stressors to understand causation and produce useful knowledge for policy and professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how health workers perceive the link between inadequate WASH and common mental symptoms (CMSs) at hospitals in central and southern Ethiopian regions.
Methods: We used an interpretive and descriptive phenomenological design guided by theoretical frameworks.
Medicine (Baltimore)
January 2025
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
There are limited studies on the phase angle (PhA) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in the Chinese population. This study aimed to establish 50 kHz-PhA reference data for SO population, and to evaluate the correlation between 50 kHz-PhA and SO. A total of 10,312 participants including 5415 men and 4897 women were enrolled in this study, and their resistance and reactance at 50 kHz, and body composition parameters were measured a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device (InBody 720).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: Determining spectacle-corrected visual acuity (VA) is essential when managing many ophthalmic diseases. If artificial intelligence (AI) evaluations of macular images estimated this VA from a fundus image, AI might provide spectacle-corrected VA without technician costs, reduce visit time, or facilitate home monitoring of VA from fundus images obtained outside of the clinic.
Objective: To estimate spectacle-corrected VA measured on a standard eye chart among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice settings using previously validated AI algorithms evaluating best-corrected VA from fundus photographs in eyes with DME.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep
March 2025
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
Aim: The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale is a 9-item screening instrument developed based on the diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the DSM-5. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale for children (IGDS-C) in Japanese clinical and nonclinical populations.
Methods: The study included clinical outpatients aged 9-29 with problematic game use and nonclinical adolescents aged 12-18 who played online games at least once a week.
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