We have recently shown that the efficiency of stopping a response is correlated with GABAergic activity in primary motor cortex (M1) measured using the short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) protocol. However, this finding was observed when SICI was measured in left M1 and when stopping efficiency was measured with a bimanual response task. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which the relationship between SICI and stopping is lateralized to the hemisphere controlling the response (e.g. left M1 and stopping a right hand response) and/or reflects bilateral inhibitory mechanisms (as might be seen between left M1 and left hand stopping). We measured resting SICI (i.e. during relaxed muscle activity) in left and right M1 and stopping efficiency in the left and right hand, in 38 healthy individuals. We found that SICI was significantly correlated between hemispheres (r = 0.51) and stopping efficiency was correlated between hands (r = 0.77). When controlling for other relevant variables, we found that stopping efficiency in each hand was uniquely predicted by SICI in the contralateral hemisphere, but not the ipsilateral hemisphere. These results suggest that there is a hemispheric-specific contribution of SICI to stopping efficiency.
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