Background: Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the preeminent factor driving the development of cervical cancer. There are large gaps in knowledge about both the role of pregnancy in the natural history of HPV infection and the impact of HPV on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This single-site prospective cohort substudy, nested within an international multisite randomized controlled trial, assessed prevalence, incident cases, and persistence of type-specific HPV infection, and the association between persistence of high-risk HPV infection with pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant women in Kenya, including HIV transmission to infants. Type-specific HPV was assessed using a line probe assay in pregnancy and again at 3 months after delivery. HIV status of children was determined using polymerase chain reaction at 6 weeks.
Results: In total, 84.1% (206/245) of women had a high-risk HPV infection at enrollment. Three quarters (157/206) of these infections persisted postpartum. Persistence of HPV16 and/or HPV18 types was observed in more than half (53.4%; 39/73) of women with this infection at enrollment. Almost two-thirds had an incident high-risk HPV infection postpartum, which was not present in pregnancy (62.5%), most commonly HPV52 (19.0%). After adjustments, no association was detected between persistent high-risk HPV and preterm birth. All mothers of the 7 cases of infant HIV infection had persistent high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.044).
Conclusions: High levels of high-risk HPV infection and type-specific persistence were documented, heightening the urgency of mass role out of HPV vaccination. The association between HPV persistence and HIV transmission is a novel finding, warranting further study.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001029 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Clinical Teaching Center, University of Cape Coast, Private Mail Bag, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Cervical cancer continues to disproportionately burden women in sub-Saharan Africa, and is the commonest gynecological cancer in Ghana. The Cervical Cancer Prevention and Training Centre (CCPTC), Battor, Ghana spearheaded the Ghana arm of the mPharma 10,000 Women Initiative (mTTWI) between September 2021 and October 2022. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of nationwide concurrent screening using high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) DNA testing and visual inspection methods, as well as factors associated with the screening outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, implicated in various cancers, yet its influence in non-cancerous oesophageal tissue remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the gene expression changes associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) in non-cancerous oesophageal tissue to elucidate potential early oncogenic mechanisms. Using RNA sequencing, we compared transcriptomic profiles of HPV-positive and HPV-negative non-cancerous oesophageal tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirol J
January 2025
Public Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye, Turkey.
Background: Almost all cases of cervical cancer are associated with persistent high-risk HPV infection. WHO prioritizes primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. Cervical cancer screening programs require the ability to process a large number of samples in a simple and standardized manner and obtain reliable results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaiwan J Obstet Gynecol
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Objective: Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (PESCC) is an extremely rare type of endometrial cancer with limited research and understanding. This report presents a case of PESCC and reviews 37 cases from 1997.
Case Report: A 61-year-old menopausal woman presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding.
J Ethnopharmacol
January 2025
Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Innovation Center for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. Electronic address:
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jiawei Ermiao Granules (JWEMGs), a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, has been widely used in China for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. However, the underlying mechanisms through which it exerts its antiviral effects remain poorly understood.
Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which JWEMGs modulate vaginal microecology and clear HPV infections, utilizing clinical trials, metagenomic sequencing, and in vitro models.
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