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Robust, fully-automated assessment of cerebral perivascular spaces and white matter lesions: a multicentre MRI longitudinal study of their evolution and association with risk of dementia and accelerated brain atrophy.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Background: Perivascular spaces (PVS) on brain MRI are surrogates for small parenchymal blood vessels and their perivascular compartment, and may relate to brain health. However, it is unknown whether PVS can predict dementia risk and brain atrophy trajectories in participants without dementia, as longitudinal studies on PVS are scarce and current methods for PVS assessment lack robustness and inter-scanner reproducibility.
Methods: We developed a robust algorithm to automatically assess PVS count and size on clinical MRI, and investigated 1) their relationship with dementia risk and brain atrophy in participants without dementia, 2) their longitudinal evolution, and 3) their potential use as a screening tool in simulated clinical trials.
Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Importance: Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023.
Implementation and validation of face de-identification (de-facing) in ADNI4.
Alzheimers Dement
November 2024
Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
Introduction: Recent technological advances have increased the risk that de-identified brain images could be re-identified from face imagery. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a leading source of publicly available de-identified brain imaging, who quickly acted to protect participants' privacy.
Methods: An independent expert committee evaluated 11 face-deidentification ("de-facing") methods and selected four for formal testing.
Genomic analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes yields polygenic scores accounting for variation across ancestries.
medRxiv
August 2024
Brain & Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Subcortical brain structures play a crucial role in various disorders, and a study analyzed the genetic basis of brain volumes in nearly 75,000 individuals of European ancestry, revealing 254 loci linked to these volumes.
- The research identified significant gene expression in neural cells, relating to brain aging and signaling, and found that polygenic scores could predict brain volumes across different ancestries.
- The study highlights genetic connections between brain volumes and conditions like Parkinson's disease and ADHD, suggesting specific gene expression patterns could be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
CYP1B1-RMDN2 Alzheimer's disease endophenotype locus identified for cerebral tau PET.
Nat Commun
September 2024
Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the genetic factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease by analyzing tau deposition through a genome-wide association study involving 3,046 participants.
- It identifies the CYP1B1-RMDN2 locus as significantly linked to tau levels, with the variant rs2113389 explaining 4.3% of tau variation, while also correlating with cognitive decline.
- Findings suggest a connection between CYP1B1 expression and tau deposition, offering potential new avenues for Alzheimer's treatment and understanding its genetic basis.
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