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Drug resistance in multiple myeloma: Soldiers and weapons in the bone marrow niche.
Front Oncol
September 2022
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, despite considerable improvements in treatment strategies, as resistance to most currently available agents is not uncommon. In this study, data on drug resistance in MM were analyzed and led to the following conclusions: resistance occurs intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, including intraclonal heterogeneity, drug efflux pumps, alterations of drug targets, the inhibition of apoptosis, increased DNA repair and interactions with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, cell adhesion, and the release of soluble factors. Since MM involves the BM, interactions in the MM-BM microenvironment were examined as well, with a focus on the cross-talk between BM stromal cells (BMSCs), adipocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Reasoning: A 73-Year-Old Woman With Episodic Dysarthria and Horizontal Binocular Diplopia.
Neurology
May 2022
From the Department of Neurology (A.S.B., A.F., J.M.B., B.R.), Department of Ophthalmology (A.F.), Department of Neurosurgery (J.M.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
A 73-year-old woman presented with transient episodes of dysarthria and horizontal diplopia. She had stereotactic radiosurgery 18 years prior for a retroclival meningioma. Neurologic examination was notable for right-sided tongue deviation, tongue fasciculations, and intermittent impaired abduction of the right eye.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulmonary Pathology Diagnoses in the US Military During the Global War on Terrorism.
Lung
August 2021
The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Purpose: To document and compare prevalences of pulmonary pathology diagnoses among US Service members deployed during the Global War on Terrorism and non-deployed US service members. Difficulties establishing associations between deployment-related exposures and pulmonary pathology reported among US military service members deployed during the Global War on Terrorism include retrospective estimations of exposures, documenting medical outcomes and lack of comparison groups.
Methods: Pulmonary diagnoses reported between 2002 and 2015 were identified from the records of the former Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and The Joint Pathology Center.
Dusseldorf autopsies 1914-1918.
Virchows Arch
June 2021
Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
This article presents an evaluation of 4255 autopsy cases recorded at the Dusseldorf Pathology Institute in the years 1914 to 1918. Diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), and the contemporaneous history of the Pathology Institute was reviewed. We found a proportion of 54.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporal trends in the healthy soldier effect in a cohort of Royal Norwegian Navy servicemen followed for 67 years.
Occup Environ Med
November 2020
Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Institute of Military Medicine and Epidemiology, Norwegian Armed Forces, Ullensaker, Norway.
Objectives: To investigate temporal trends in the 'healthy soldier effect' (HSE) among 28 300 Royal Norwegian Navy servicemen who served during 1950-2004.
Methods: Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes, diseases and external causes were calculated from national rates for the entire study period (1951-2017), and for seven successive follow-up periods after the first recorded day of Naval service, for the overall cohort and for two subgroups: land-based personnel and vessel crews. Poisson regression, expressed as rate ratios, was used to compare all-cause mortality between the subgroups.
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