The process by which patients experience a series of recurrent events, such as hospitalizations, may be subject to death. In cohort studies, one strategy for analyzing such data is to fit a joint frailty model for the intensities of the recurrent event and death, which estimates covariate effects on the two event types while accounting for their dependence. When certain covariates are difficult to obtain, however, researchers may only have the resources to subsample patients on whom to collect complete data: one way is using the nested case-control (NCC) design, in which risk set sampling is performed based on a single outcome. We develop a general framework for the design of NCC studies in the presence of recurrent and terminal events and propose estimation and inference for a joint frailty model for recurrence and death using data arising from such studies. We propose a maximum weighted penalized likelihood approach using flexible spline models for the baseline intensity functions. Two standard error estimators are proposed: a sandwich estimator and a perturbation resampling procedure. We investigate operating characteristics of our estimators as well as design considerations via a simulation study and illustrate our methods using two studies: one on recurrent cardiac hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and the other on local recurrence and metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.8302 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
January 2025
Neonatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common and significant complications of preterm birth. It ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life for preterm infants and impacts their long-term health. Early prediction and timely intervention are crucial to halting the development of BPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, PO Box 100009, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Background: Cluster and contact investigations aim to identify and treat individuals with tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Although genotyped cluster investigations may be superior to contact investigations in generating additional epidemiological links, this may not necessarily translate into reducing infections. Here, we investigated the impact of genotyped cluster investigations compared to standard contact investigations on the LTBI care cascade in a low incidence setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2025
Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background And Aim: A healthy diet has been recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the associations of diet quality indices with the risk of developingmetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
Methods: We conducted this nested case-control study by recruiting 968 cases with MAFLD and 964 controls from the participants of the baseline phase of the Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study (SPCS).
J Prev Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Early-onset dementia (EOD) and late-onset dementia (LOD) may have distinct modifiable risk-factor profiles.
Objective: To identify and compare factors associated with EOD and LOD using a nationwide cohort database.
Design: Nationwide two nested case-control studies.
Cancer Epidemiol
January 2025
Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, S108-750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
Background: Little is known on the effect of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß inhibitors (GSK3Is), as a class, on prostate cancer (PC). We aimed to study this in the Canadian province of Manitoba, because mixed results have been reported on the effect of valproate.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among cancer-free Manitobans with ≥ 5 years of medical history in which we matched all men 40 years or older diagnosed with PC between 2000 and 2018 (N = 11,189) on period, age, length of available drug information to cancer-free controls (N = 55,728).
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