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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0240 | DOI Listing |
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Distinct Genes with Similar Functions Underlie Convergent Evolution in Myotis Bat Ecomorphs.
Mol Biol Evol
September 2024
Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Convergence offers an opportunity to explore to what extent evolution can be predictable when genomic composition and environmental triggers are similar. Here, we present an emergent model system to study convergent evolution in nature in a mammalian group, the bat genus Myotis. Three foraging strategies-gleaning, trawling, and aerial hawking, each characterized by different sets of phenotypic features-have evolved independently multiple times in different biogeographic regions in isolation for millions of years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerceived Impacts of Wildlife on Agropastoral Food Production in Northern Tanzania.
Ecol Food Nutr
May 2024
Department of Anthropology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Human-wildlife interactions can affect human wellbeing and wildlife population persistence. This paper addresses the perceived impacts of wildlife on agropastoral food production in the Tarangire ecosystem of northern Tanzania. It is based on sixteen months of collaborative ethnographic fieldwork with agropastoral Maasai communities (2019-2020; 2022; 2023), 240 semi-structured interviews, and a household survey ( = 1076).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCross-cultural perception of strength, attractiveness, aggressiveness and helpfulness of Maasai male faces calibrated to handgrip strength.
Sci Rep
March 2024
Instituto de Antropología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico.
Previous research has demonstrated that Maasai and Europeans tend to align in their ratings of the physical strength and aggressiveness of Maasai male faces, calibrated to hand grip strength (HGS). However, perceptions of attractiveness of these faces differed among populations. In this study, three morphs of young Maasai men created by means of geometric morphometrics, and depicting the average sample and two extrema (± 4 SD of HGS), were assessed by men and women from Tanzania, Czech Republic, Russia, Pakistan, China, and Mexico (total sample = 1540).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa's major land uses.
Sci Data
February 2024
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species' population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate 'intactness scores': the remaining proportion of an 'intact' reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region's major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn artificial intelligence algorithm for co-clustering to help in pharmacovigilance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Br J Clin Pharmacol
May 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Center, Université Côte d'Azur Medical Centre, Nice, France.
Aims: Monitoring drug safety in real-world settings is the primary aim of pharmacovigilance. Frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually identified during drug development. Rare ones are mostly characterized through post-marketing scrutiny, increasingly with the use of data mining and disproportionality approaches, which lead to new drug safety signals.
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