In order to study the mutagenic effect of exposure to tritium, Drosophila melanogaster larvae were treated with tritiated water (3H2O) or tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) during development. Dose rates ranged from 0.0058 to 0.058 rad/h per nucleus for 3H-TdR and from 0.049 to 0.122 rad/h for 3H2O. Induction of mutations was measured by the appearance of somatic mutations in the eyes of an unstable strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Both substances caused a significant increase in mutation frequency. With the assumption that each mutation observed in this assay is caused by one DNA break, the effectiveness of tritium to create DNA breaks is estimated to be 0.20 breaks per decay for 3H-TdR and 0.27 breaks per decay for 3H2O.
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