While much prior literature on the meaning of clefts-such as the English form "it is X who Z-ed"-concentrates on the nature and status of the exhaustivity inference ("nobody/nothing other than X Z"), we report on experiments examining the role of the doxastic status of alternatives on the naturalness of -clefts in French and -clefts in English. Specifically, we study the hypothesis that clefts indicate a conflict with a doxastic commitment held by some discourse participant. Results from naturalness tasks suggest that clefts are improved by a property we term "contrariness" (along the lines of Zimmermann, 2008). This property has a gradient effect on felicity judgments: the more strongly interlocutors appear committed to an apparently false notion, the better it is to repudiate them with a cleft.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591431PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01400DOI Listing

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