With the standpoint ofref ining the chemotherapy regimen, we retrospectively reviewed adverse events encountered by the initial 10 cases during the first course of docetaxel plus ramucirumab for non-small-cell lung cancer that progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. Febrile neutropenia(FN)was observed in 40% ofcases, and a halfofall patients experienced oral mucositis, including 2 Grade 3 cases. These results were concordant with a previous randomized phaseⅡstudy on Japanese patients. We amended the treatment regimen by adding the prophylactic use ofpegf ilgrastim. Post-amendment, FN was not observed in all 10 cases. However, the frequency and severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis were not affected; Therefore, some patients discontinued treatment due to this toxicity as well as diarrhea. In conclusion, prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is considered effective for reducing the risk of FN. Further intervention by an oral care team is required to validate our findings.

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