Background: In the past few decades focus of research has been toward herbal medicines because of growing bacterial resistance and side effects of antimicrobial agents. The extract derived from the plants may increase the efficacy of antibiotics when used in combination against pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts in combination with antibiotics has been assessed on selected periodontal pathogens.
Methods: Ethanolic extracts were prepared from (Miswak) and (Ceylon cinnamon), by the soxhalate method. Plaque samples were collected from clinical periodontitis patients to isolate and grow the periodontal pathobionts under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the extracts was assessed by gauging the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were determined against each bacterium. Synergistic activity of plants extract in combination with antibiotics against the bacteria was also assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones.
Results: Ethanolic extract of both the plants showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and growth of all four strains of periodontal pathobionts. Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by against (MIC = 1.56 ± 0.24 mg/mL, MBC = 6.25 ± 0.68 mg/mL), whereas among all the studied groups the minimum activity was reported by against the (MIC = 12.5 ± 3.25 mg/mL, MBC = 75 ± 8.23 mg/mL). Combination of herbal extracts with different antibiotics revealed a synergistic antibacterial effect. The best synergism was exhibited by with metronidazole against (27 ± 1.78).
Conclusions: Current in vitro study showed variable antibacterial activity by experimented herbal extracts against periodontal pathobionts. The synergistic test showed significant antibacterial activity when plant extracts were combined with antibiotics.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783985 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030089 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impact of Protein Citrullination by Periodontal Pathobionts on Oral and Systemic Health: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
J Clin Med
November 2024
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
: This review synthesizes the role of () and () in modulating immune responses through citrullination and assesses its impact on periodontitis and systemic conditions. A systematic review was conducted on preclinical and clinical studies focusing on and -induced citrullination and its effects on immune responses, particularly inflammatory pathways, and systemic diseases. The search included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and gray literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorynebacterial membrane vesicles disrupt cariogenic interkingdom assemblages.
Appl Environ Microbiol
November 2024
Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA.
Polymicrobial diseases such as periodontal disease and caries pose significant treatment challenges due to their resistance to common approaches like antibiotic therapy. These infections exhibit increased resilience, due to microbial interactions that also disrupt host immune responses. Current research focuses on virulence and disease-promoting interactions, but less is known about interactions that could inhibit or prevent disease development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Pathobiont-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Oral-Gut Axis.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2024
Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile.
Oral pathobionts are essential in instigating local inflammation within the oral cavity and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract and other distant organs. Among the Gram-negative pathobionts, and emerge as critical drivers of periodontitis, exerting their influence not only locally but also as inducers of gut dysbiosis, intestinal disturbances, and systemic ailments. This dual impact is facilitated by their ectopic colonization of the intestinal mucosa and the subsequent mediation of distal systemic effects by releasing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) into circulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom Global to Nano: A Geographical Perspective of .
Pathogens
September 2024
Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94143, USA.
The periodontal disease pathobiont () may exert a range of detrimental effects on periodontal diseases in general and, more specifically, with the initiation and progression of Localized Stage III Grade C periodontitis (molar-incisor pattern). In this review of the biogeography of this pathobiont, the full range of geographical scales for , from global origins and transmission to local geographical regions, to more locally exposed probands and families, to the individual host, down to the oral cavity, and finally, to spatial interactions with other commensals and pathobionts within the plaque biofilms at the micron/nanoscale, are reviewed. Using the newest technologies in genetics, imaging, in vitro cultures, and other research disciplines, investigators may be able to gain new insights to the role of this pathobiont in the unique initial destructive patterns of Localized Stage III Grade C periodontitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Bidirectional Effects of Periodontal Disease and Oral Dysbiosis on Gut Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
J Crohns Colitis
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Background And Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flares can lead to excessive morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether oral dysbiosis/periodontal disease (PD) is common in IBD and is associated with disease activity in IBD.
Methods: This single-center, prospective, cross-sectional, proof-of-concept, observational study assessed the frequency of periodontal inflammatory disease and interrogated oral and stool microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of active-IBD (aIBD), inactive-IBD (iIBD), and healthy controls (HC).
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!