Dimethyl fumarate abrogates dust mite-induced allergic asthma by altering dendritic cell function.

Introduction: Allergic asthma is the most common inflammatory disease of upper airways. Airway dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen presenting cells that regulate T helper 2 (Th2)-dependent allergic inflammation. Recent studies have shown critical role of airway DCs in the induction of Th2-mediated allergic inflammation and are attractive therapeutic targets in asthma. However, molecular signaling mechanism that regulate DCs function to Th2 immune responses are poorly understood. Here we aim to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA approved small molecule drug, in the house dust mite (HDM)-induced experimental model of allergic asthma.

Methods: DMF was administered intranasally in the challenge period of HDM-induced murine model of experimental asthma. Airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, Th2/Th1 cytokine were assessed. The effect of DMF on DC function was further evaluated by adoptive transfer of HDM-pulsed DMF treated DCs to wild-type naïve mice.

Results: DMF treatment significantly reduced HDM-induced airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and airway hyperactivity to inhaled methacholine. Mechanistically, DMF interferes with the migration of lung DCs to draining mediastinal lymph nodes, thereby attenuates the induction of allergic sensitization and Th2 immune response. Notably, adoptive transfer of DMF treated DCs to naïve mice with HDM challenge similarly reduces the features of allergic asthma.

Conclusion: This identifies a novel function of DMF on DC-mediated adaptive immune responses in the setting of HDM-induced airway inflammation. Taken together, our results offer a mechanistic rationale for DMF use to target DCs in local lung environment as antiasthmatic therapy.