This is the first report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA. 4F-MDMB-BINACA was first analytically confirmed in seized drug material using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Subsequent to this characterization, 4F-MDMB-BINACA was detected in biological specimens collected as part of forensically relevant casework, including medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations, from a variety of regions in the United States. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of the metabolites 4F-MDMB-BINACA 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid and 4-OH-MDMB-BINACA. 4F-MDMB-BINACA is appearing with increasing frequency as a contributory factor in deaths, creating morbidity and mortality risks for drug users. Laboratories must be aware of its presence and impact, incorporating 4F-MDMB-BINACA into workflows for detection and confirmation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14101 | DOI Listing |
Can J Aging
December 2024
Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
The purpose of the current study was to understand the prevalence and patterns of cannabinoid use among LTC residents across Canada. We gathered data on cannabinoid prescriptions among LTC residents for one year before and after recreational cannabis legalization. Multi-level modelling was used to examine the effects of demographic and diagnostic characteristics on rates of cannabinoid prescription over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiophys Chem
December 2024
Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Unit of Experimental Medicine, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico. Electronic address:
The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is an essential component of the endocannabinoid system, responsible for regulating various physiological processes such as pain, mood, and appetite. Despite increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of CB1 modulators, the precise mechanisms by which small molecules modulate receptor activity-particularly without fully transitioning between active and inactive states-remain partially understood. In this study, the complexity of CB1-ligand interactions was evaluated for the inactive CB1 state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFitoterapia
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 3, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy. Electronic address:
Although Cannabis sativa L. is well known for being prolific in phytocannabinoids, their biosynthetic modular mechanism is ruled by a main enzyme: the geranyltransferase able to pursue the C-isoprenylation of olivetolic acid with the geranyldiphosphate. However, the existence of more than 160 meroterpenoids can be partially explained by a side degree of promiscuity of the geranyltransferase itself, able to recognise different substrate than the ordinary ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychoactive Drugs
December 2024
Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Although several studies have well described the characteristics of people who use psychedelics alongside their motivations and beliefs, little research has examined the preferences surrounding the source of psychedelic substances. In an anonymous online survey, we collected data from 6,379 consumers of 11 different psychedelic substances from 85 different countries, exploring their preferences and perceptions on natural and synthetic psychedelics. There was a strong preference of natural sources over synthetic alternatives for psilocybin (75%), DMT (56%), and mescaline (56%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is composed of endocannabinoids (eCBs), cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), and associated signaling molecules, has been identified within the brain. In neuropathic pain animal models and patients, long-lasting alterations in the ECS have been observed. These changes of neurons and glial cells in the ECS contribute to the modulation of neuropathic pain.
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