To understand the effects of organic fertilizer addition on accumulation and distribution of winter wheat assimilates, we compared organic carbon content in soil and wheat plants, photosynthetic characteristics and assimilation transformation under two different fertilizer treatments, CF (chemical fertilizer only) and OF (organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer), using CO pulse labeling method. The results showed that OF increased soil organic carbon content and wheat photosynthetic parameters, resulting in higher organic carbon content and total dry biomass accumulation in wheat plants compared with CF treatment. Compared marking to maturity with that on the 7th day after the same marking, the content and distribution rate of C in leaves and stems of two treatments decreased; the C content in spikes increased at jointing stage and filling stage, decreased at anthesis stage, and the C distribution rate increased at all stages. OF treatment was more beneficial for the transportation of photosynthetic product from leaves to spikes at filling stage, with higher C distribution rate in spikes compared with CF treatment. The results of correlation analysis showed that dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with the net input of C content and its distribution rate, but negatively correlated with organic carbon content in plants. The net input of C content was significantly positively correlated with its distribution rate, and negatively correlated with F/F and P. In conclusion, organic fertilizer application could increase the content of organic carbon in soil, improve wheat plants photosynthetic capacity and transportation of photosynthetic product to spikes, and ultimately increase dry matter accumulation in wheat spikes.
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