An update on the current management of adult obstructive sleep apnoea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in adults. Various contributing factors to this condition have resulted in the development of a number of potential treatment modalities, some of which are in evolution. A multidisciplinary team involving the general practitioner is an important aspect in providing personalised care.

Objective: The aim of this review is to provide a clinical update on the recent developments and future directions in adult OSA management.

Discussion: In-lab polysomnography remains important in the diagnosis of OSA, although home sleep studies have good specificity and sensitivity in particular subgroups of patients. First-line therapy in adult OSA is continuous positive airway pressure, with mandibular advancement splints and surgical intervention considered second-line. Adjunctive therapies include weight loss, avoidance of supine sleep, management of nasal obstruction, alcohol intake limitation and exercise. Advancements in medications targeting multiple neurophysiological pathways, and surgical insertion of hypoglossal nerve stimulator devices represent possible future treatment pathways in Australia.