Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a biomarker of inflammation and vascularity of the airways already shown to predict incident COPD. This cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the potential of EBT in identifying "healthy" smokers susceptible to cigarette smoke toxicity of the airways and to the risk of developing COPD by analysing the dynamics of EBT after smoking a cigarette and its associations with their demographics (age, smoking burden) and lung function. The study included 55 current smokers of both sexes, 29-62 years of age, with median smoking exposure of 15 (10-71.8) pack-years. EBT was measured at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after smoking a single cigarette. Lung function was measured with spirometry followed by a bronchodilator test. To compare changes in EBT between repeated measurements we used the analysis of variance and the area under the curve (EBTAUC) as a dependent variable. Multivariate regression analysis was used to look for associations with patient characteristics and lung function in particular. The average (±SD) baseline EBT was 33.42±1.50 °C. The highest significant increase to 33.84 (1.25) °C was recorded 5 min after the cigarette was smoked (p=0.003), and it took one hour for it to return to the baseline. EBTAUC showed significant repeatability (ICC=0.85, p<0.001) and was significantly associated with age, body mass index, number of cigarettes smoked a day, baseline EBT, and baseline FEF75 (R2=0.39, p<0.001 for the model). Our results suggest that EBT after smoking a single cigarette could be used as early risk predictor of changes associated with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3211 | DOI Listing |
Fam Cancer
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a germline pathogenic variant in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. Patients with MEN1 have a high risk for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with a penetrance of nearly 100%, pituitary adenomas (PitAd) in 40% of patients, and neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the pancreas (40% of patients), duodenum, lung, and thymus. Increased MEN1-related mortality is mainly related to duodenal-pancreatic and thymic NEN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.
The abnormally viscous and thick mucus is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). How the mutated CF gene causes abnormal mucus remains an unanswered question of paramount interest. Mucus is produced by the hydration of gel-forming mucin macromolecules that are stored in intracellular granules prior to release.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJpn J Clin Oncol
January 2025
Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata city, Osaka 573-1191, Japan.
Background: Pre-cancer onset of cachexia raises uncertainties regarding the optimal timing for early intervention in lung cancer patients. We aimed to examine changes in physical function, nutritional status, and cachexia incidence in patients with lung cancer from the initial visit to treatment initiation and determine the effect of these changes on lung cancer treatment.
Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients suspected of having advanced lung cancer who visited Kansai Medical University Hospital between January and February 2023 and were definitely diagnosed with the disease.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
The Valsalva manoeuvre is widely recognised for its effectiveness in reverting supra-ventricular tachycardia (SVT) in patients with good coordination. However, this is not applicable in sedated ventilated patients and there is a dearth of literature regarding the application of Valsalva in unconscious patients on mechanical ventilation. The authors, for the first time, present a novel non-pharmacological method to treat SVT in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, employing the high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) technique.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Care
January 2025
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Despite the physiological advantages of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), its optimal utilization during one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether individualized PEEP titration by lung compliance is associated with a reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications during OLV.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until April 1, 2024, to identify published randomized controlled trials that compared individualized PEEP titration by lung compliance with fixed PEEP during OLV.
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