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Identification of Bronchial Epithelial Genes Associated with Type-2 Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
January 2025
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis. Electronic address:
Background: Airway inflammation has a critical role in asthma pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Yet, the molecular pathways contributing to airway inflammation are not fully known, particularly Type-2 (T2) inflammation characterized by both eosinophilia and higher FeNO levels.
Objective: To identify genes whose level of expression in epithelial brushing samples were associated with both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia and generation of FeNO.
Dysregulation of Airway and Systemic Interferon Responses Promote Asthma Exacerbations in Urban Children.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
Background: Determining why some upper respiratory illnesses provoke asthma exacerbations remains an unmet need.
Objective: To identify transcriptome-wide gene expression changes associated with colds that progress to exacerbation.
Methods: 208 urban children (6-17 years) with exacerbation-prone asthma were prospectively monitored for up to two cold illnesses.
Expression Levels of MUC5AC and MUC5B in Airway Goblet Cells Are Associated with Traits of COPD and Progression of Chronic Airflow Limitation.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 902 20 Oulu, Finland.
Mucins 5AC (MUC5AC) and 5B (MUC5B) are the major mucins providing the organizing framework for the airway's mucus gel. We retrieved bronchial mucosal biopsies and bronchial wash (BW) samples through bronchoscopy from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( = 38), healthy never-smokers ( = 40), and smokers with normal lung function ( = 40). The expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B was assessed immunohistochemically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProfiling endogenous airway proteases and antiproteases and modeling proteolytic activation of Influenza HA using in vitro and ex vivo human airway surface liquid samples.
PLoS One
December 2024
Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
Imbalance of airway proteases and antiproteases has been implicated in diseases such as COPD and environmental exposures including cigarette smoke and ozone. To initiate infection, endogenous proteases are commandeered by respiratory viruses upon encountering the airway epithelium. The airway proteolytic environment likely contains redundant antiproteases and proteases with diverse catalytic mechanisms, however a proteomic profile of these enzymes and inhibitors in airway samples has not been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute airway inflammation following controlled biodiesel exhaust exposure in healthy subjects.
Part Fibre Toxicol
December 2024
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- - Exposure to standard petrodiesel exhaust has been linked to negative health effects, leading to an interest in renewable fuels like rapeseed methyl ester (RME) biodiesel, but recent studies suggest biodiesel exhaust may also pose health risks
- - A study involving 14 healthy subjects tested the effects of breathing in 100% RME biodiesel exhaust compared to filtered air, with results revealing significant inflammation and increased levels of immune cells in the airways after exposure
- - The findings indicate that biodiesel exhaust can cause acute airway inflammation similar to that caused by petrodiesel, raising concerns about its potential toxicity and impact on human health.
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