Lipid A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli mutant strains was modified by the introduction of myristoyltransferase gene cloned from Klebsiella pneumoniae. When the gene was introduced into the mutant having lipid A containing only 3-hydroxymyristic acids, it produced lipid A with two additional myristic acids (C ). When the same gene was introduced into the mutant with pentaacylated lipid A containing one lauric acid (C ), C was replaced by C . IL-6-inducing activity of LPS with modified lipid A structure suggested that C in lipid A could be replaced by C without changing the immunostimulating activity.
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