AI Article Synopsis
- Transport of solutes across cell membranes is vital for life and is carried out by membrane transport proteins that handle nutrients, waste, drugs, and ions.
- Secondary active transporters enable the movement of substances against their concentration gradients by linking it to the movement of other solutes along their gradients.
- The chapter discusses key concepts like the alternating access model of transporters and highlights specific protein structures and functions, focusing on the LacY and AdiC transporters.
Article Abstract
Transport of solutes across biological membranes is essential for cellular life. This process is mediated by membrane transport proteins which move nutrients, waste products, certain drugs and ions into and out of cells. Secondary active transporters couple the transport of substrates against their concentration gradients with the transport of other solutes down their concentration gradients. The alternating access model of membrane transporters and the coupling mechanism of secondary active transporters are introduced in this book chapter. Structural studies have identified typical protein folds for transporters that we exemplify by the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and LeuT folds. Finally, substrate binding and substrate translocation of the transporters LacY of the MFS and AdiC of the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily are described.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18768-2_9 | DOI Listing |
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