: Given the considerable spatial, temporal, and ecological factors, heterogeneity, which affects emergency response, persistence, and dissemination of genetic determinants that confer microorganisms their resistance to antibiotics, several authors claim that antibiotics' resistance must be perceived as an ecological problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of broad-spectrum genes, not only Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) but also AmpC-types, in clinical strains of isolated from Portugal (in the highest region of the country, Serra da Estrela) to disclose susceptibility profiles among different genotypes, and to compare the distribution of genes expressing broad-spectrum enzymes. Clinical strains of presenting resistance to third generation (3G) cephalosporins and susceptibility to inhibition by clavulanic acid were studied by means of phenotypic and molecular profiling techniques for encoding β-lactamases genes. Strains were mainly isolated from hospital populations (97%). Molecular analysis enabled the detection of 49 genes, in which 55% (27/49) were identified as , 33% (16/49) as , 10% (5/49) as , and 2% (1/49) were identified as genes (AmpC). Among all detected, about 59% of strains expressed at least another gene. Co-production of β-lactamases was observed in 40% of strains, with the co-production of CTX-M group 1 and OXA-1- occurring as the most frequent. This is the first study using microorganisms isolated from native people from the highest Portuguese mountain regions, showing an unprecedent high prevalence of genes in this country.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060272 | DOI Listing |
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