The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of HyFlex EDM (Coltene/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Systems [The ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTR), Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland] in the removal of the root canal filling materials with or without laser activated irrigation. The root canals of 60 human mandibular premolars were instrumented with K files up to size 35 at a working length; the step-back procedure was performed in 1 mm increments up to size 50. Next, the teeth were obturated using the lateral compaction technique with gutta-percha and resin-based sealer, and they were randomly divided into two groups ( = 30) according to the retreatment systems: PTR and HyFlex EDM NiTi rotary files. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups ( = 15), laser [photon-induced photo-acoustic streaming (PIPS); Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia] activated irrigation and conventional needle irrigation group. Following these procedures, the specimens were evaluated using micro-computed tomography. There was no significant difference between the instrumentation systems regarding the cleaning efficacy (χ = 0.754; = 0.86). Additionally, PIPS method did not have a significant effect on the removal of the filling material compared to conventional needle irrigation. Both instrumentation systems were effective in removing the filling material, but neither was able to remove the filling material completely. PIPS method did not show a significant additional effect regarding the removal of filling material.
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