Objective: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel mechanism of tumor blood supply distinct from endothelial vessel (EV). VM is associated with malignancy, invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Hitherto a noninvasive method for the assessment of VM in vivo has been lacking.

Methods: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed to evaluate the quantitative parameters of tumors in mice. CD31 immunohistochemistry-Periodic Acid-Schiff double staining was conducted to identify the VM or EV in tumor tissues. Correlations between perfusion parameters and VM density was analyzed by Pearson correlation test.

Results: By the 15th day after tumor inoculation, the EV and VM density was 31.15 ± 7.14 and 14.11 ± 2.99 per 200× field. The maximal intensity (IMAX) was 301.19 ± 191.56%, and the rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP) and mean transit time (mTT) were 17.38 ± 7.82 s, 20.27 ± 9.61 s and 58.09 ± 26.44 s, respectively. VM density positively correlated to RT ( = 0.3598,  = 0.0226), TTP ( = 0.3733,  = 0.0177) and mTT( = 0.6483,  <  0.0001), whereas EV density positively correlated to IMAX ( = 0.4519,  = 0.0034). The vascular diameter of VM was substantially larger than that of EV (43.81 ± 5.88 μm vs 11.21 ± 4.13 μm).

Conclusion: Three quantitative parameters related to VM were obtained and the relationships between CEUS and VM were established. CEUS might thus provide a novel noninvasive method to assess VM in vivo.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6560886PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12575-019-0101-5DOI Listing

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