New Advances in Evaluation of Hearing in a Sample of Egyptian Children with β-Thalassemia Major.

Aim: To evaluate hearing in β-thalassemia major patients on iron chelation therapy by using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE).

Subjects And Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on (48) diagnosed, 6-18 years old, β-thalassemia major patients who had received at least 3 years iron chelating agent deferoxamine (DFO). We performed PTA, DPOAE testing, and tympanometry for all participants. SPSS was used to analyse data. P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results: No significant difference was found between PTA and DPOAE testing in their capability to detect ototoxicity. PTA and DPOAE testing for the detection of ototoxicity in BTM and BTI, kappa values (κ) were found to be 0.516 and 0.459, respectively. The whole mean serum ferritin level was 2,251.3 ng/ml. The mean level was 1,603 ± 1,380 ng/ml in the patients with SNHL and 2,405 ± 1,908 ng/ml in the patients with normal hearing with the statistically significant difference among both groups (p = 0.015). The occurrence of ototoxicity was statistically significant with increasing age (p < 0.001). There was no marked difference as regards gender (p = 0.72).

Conclusion: Hearing loss is prevailing in patients with β-thalassemia major on iron chelating agents. Therefore, regular hearing evaluations and periodic check-ups after the initiation of chelation therapy are mandatory.