Anatomical localization of normal parathyroid glands before thyroidectomy through ultrasonography reduces postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism due to dysfunction of the parathyroid gland is the most common complication after thyroidectomy. Our objective was to introduce the method of anatomical localization of normal parathyroid glands before thyroidectomy through ultrasonography and to evaluate its efficiency. The study group included 52 patients subjected to anatomical localization of the parathyroid gland prethyroidectomy through ultrasonography. The control group included 52 sex- and age-matched patients without parathyroid gland localization. The proportion of parathyroid glands preserved in situ and postoperative hypoparathyroidism rates in the 2 groups were compared. The rates of normal parathyroid glands identified according to ultrasonography for left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior glands were 78.8%, 90.4%, 57.7%, and 82.7%, respectively. The rate of parathyroid gland excised inadvertently was significantly decreased (P = .038) in the study group as compared with the control group. The rates of parathyroid gland preservation in situ were significantly improved in the left superior (P = .001), left inferior (P = .002), and right inferior glands (P = .005). Furthermore, the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism decreased significantly (P = .028). Our study indicated that normal parathyroid glands were identified by ultrasonography, and the anatomical localization improved the rate of parathyroid gland preservation in situ and decreased the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism.