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Chitosan alters inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine elicited immune responses without affecting lung histopathology in mice. | LitMetric

Chitosan alters inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine elicited immune responses without affecting lung histopathology in mice.

Vaccine

Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, AL: 2201E, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Roger Guindon Campus, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada. Electronic address:

Published: July 2019

AI Article Synopsis

  • Chitosan is a polysaccharide that boosts immune responses and has a good safety record, making it a promising option for preventing and treating infections like RSV, which mainly affects young children.
  • This study explored chitosan's effectiveness when given after RSV infection and its role in modifying immune responses when combined with an inactivated RSV vaccine, which currently has no licensing due to its potential to worsen disease.
  • Results showed that chitosan provided some protection against RSV when administered post-infection and significantly reduced infection rates when given with the vaccine pre-infection by enhancing specific immune responses, though it did not reverse lung damage caused by the vaccine.

Article Abstract

Chitosan is a polysaccharide capable of augmenting immune responses with a proven safety record in animals and humans. These properties make it a potentially attractive agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease. Infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of serious lower respiratory disease in young children throughout the world. There is no licensed vaccine available against RSV whereas inactivated vaccine is known to cause enhanced respiratory disease instead of protection. Here, we investigated whether chitosan administered one or three days post-infection could protect animals against RSV infection and whether it could alter immune responses or immunopathology induced by inactivated RSV vaccine when administered twice before RSV infection. We found chitosan could modestly protect animals against RSV infection when given post-infection, while, in conjunction with inactivated RSV vaccine when given pre-infection, it could significantly reduce RSV infection in mice. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that chitosan enhanced antigen-specific immune responses through augmenting the induction of regulatory T cells, lung resident T cells and neutralizing antibodies while reversing Th2-skewed immune responses induced by inactivated RSV vaccine but, surprisingly, failing to reverse lung histopathology. Overall, this study sheds more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying inactivated RSV vaccine-induced disease.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.003DOI Listing

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