Andrographolide is compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata), a traditional herb that has been used in ancient China and other parts of eastern Asia to treat an array of disorders, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, and laryngitis, for a very long history. The mechanisms of action of andrographolide in disease prevention and/or therapy include anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and/or pro-apoptosis. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that andrographolide can cross the blood brain barrier and distribute into different brain regions, and therefore its pharmacological effects in the central nervous system (CNS) have begun to be revealed in recent years. For example, andrographolide has been reported to reduce brain infarct volume in several models of cerebral ischemia. In models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), andrographolide not only reduces Aβ aggregation, but suppresses neuroinflammatory response and synaptic dysfunction, which could be evidenced by the reversal of microglia-mediated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as AD-associated decreases in synaptic proteins, such as postsynaptic membrane dense substance-95. Andrographolide may also inhibit the onset and/or progression of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and surgery- or diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Further, andrographolide has been shown to inhibit chronic stress-induced abnormalities in serum corticosterone levels, mood-associated behavior, and hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting that andrographolide may have a potential to treat psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of andrographolide in the CNS in hope of revealing more possibilities of andrographolide in disease prevention and/or therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109078 | DOI Listing |
J Integr Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Introduction: The effects of remimazolam (Re) in combination with andrographolide (AP) on learning, memory, and motor abilities in rats following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery were studied.
Methods: We hypothesized that the combination of Re and AP could improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in rats after CPB by modulating nervous system inflammation. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Antioxidants (Basel)
January 2025
Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
is mainly used to treat skin inflammations, wounds, and infections. In this study, Andrographis Herba, the aerial part of the plant, was proven to increase the viability of UVB-damaged HaCat cells and reduce reactive oxygen species levels. The chemical composition of Andrographis Herba extract (AHE) was analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and diterpene lactones were identified as its primary constituents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Inorg Biochem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641 021, India. Electronic address:
A series of new Pd(II) complexes were synthesized from the reaction of andrographolide appended hydrazide derivatives with potassium tetrachloropalladate K[PdCl]. The formation of the complexes was confirmed through structural assessments conducted using various spectroscopic techniques. From the spectral studies we confirmed that the ligands coordinated to Pd(II) ion via amine nitrogen and enone oxygen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Med Chem
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China. Electronic address:
Gastric cancer remains one of the global health threats for human beings. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the widely-used chemotherapy is usually limited due to the lack of specificity and the related toxicity. Only limited therapeutic agents were demonstrated to show selective and potent inhibitory activity to gastric cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
January 2025
National Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
Dihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in , different DH-Fe concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg·L) were applied to estimate its effects on C and N metabolism and antioxidative capacity in grown under 20°C.
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