Introduction: Despite clinical characteristics and complementary exams indicate acute appendicitis, 15% to 40% of all appendectomies result in removal of appendices with normal macro- and micromorphological aspects. Even so, manifestations of acute abdomen disappear immediately after the appendectomy, and never show back again.
Objective: To assess changes of neuroimmunoendocrine peptides on removed appendices due to clinical presentation of acute appendicitis.
Method: This article presents an updated revision of acute appendicitis, based on references found on PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, WHOLIS and SciELO, using key words "acute appendicitis", "neuroimmune appendicitis", "neurogenic appendicopathy", and "incidental appendectomy".
Results: Fourteen neuropeptides were analyzed by different authors who suggested the presence of neurogenic appendicopathy in morphologically normal appendices removed from patients with clinical presentation suggesting acute appendicitis.
Conclusion: The etiopathogeny of acute appendicitis continues to be unknown, and there is a great possibility that patients with morphologically normal appendices with clinical presentation of acute appendicitis that heal after appendectomy present a neuroimmunoendocrine disease.
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