Alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA) are developed for food contact materials as a result of increasing evidence of exposure-correlated harmful effects of BPA. assays provide the fast, affordable, and mechanism insightful ways to screen endocrine disruption (ED), which is a major concern of new BPA alternatives. In this review, we summarize the safety and regulation information on the alternatives to BPA, review the state of the art of assays for ED evaluation, highlight their advantages and limitations, and discuss the challenges and future research needs. Our review shows that ligand binding, reporter gene, cell proliferation, and steroidogenesis are four commonly used assays to determine the ED at the response of receptor, gene transcription, and whole cell level. Major challenges are found from - translation and identification of ED chemicals in polymers. More studies on these areas are needed in the future.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01543 | DOI Listing |
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