Mercury emission is an important issue during in-situ gasification chemical-looping combustion ( iG-CLC) of coal. This work focused on experimentally "isolating" two elementary subprocesses (coal pyrolysis and char gasification) during iG-CLC of coal, identifying mercury distribution within the two subprocesses, and examining the effects of a hematite oxygen carrier (OC) on the mercury fate. The mercury measurement accuracy was carefully ensured by comparing online measurements (by a VM 3000 instrument) and benchmark measurements (by the standard Ontario Hydro Method, ASTM D6784) as well as repeated tests (10 times for each case). The mercury mass balance was 115% for the entire iG-CLC. A total of 44.7% of the mercury was released as the gas phase form within the coal pyrolysis process at a typical CLC operation temperature (950 °C), whereas 13.4% was released during the char gasification process. The release rate and amount of mercury were minimally affected by the presence of OC; however, the OC promoted the conversion of Hg(g) to Hg(g). Only a small amount of mercury was absorbed by the OC and transported into the air reactor along with carbon residue, released as Hg(g) and Hg(g) or remained in the OC and coal ash as particulate mercury.
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