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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6543168 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00358 | DOI Listing |
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Xiangshao Granules are widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome and menopausal syndrome. However, at present, there is no evidence-based medicine guideline or consensus formed. In order to standardize the rational use of drugs by clinical physicians and maximize the value of Xiangshao Granules, this consensus is formulated.
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Second stage of labor is considered to be associated with an increased risk of intrapartum fetal hypoxic injury. This is due to a combination of several risk factors such as -the increased frequency, strength and duration of uterine contractions due to higher number and affinity of myometrial oxytocin receptors; -the Ferguson's reflex which leads to a reflex release of endogenous oxytocin in response of the distension of the cervix by descending fetal head in late stages of labor; maternal expulsive efforts with the Valsalva manoeuvre that may reduce maternal oxygenation, as well as reduce the venous return and maternal cardiac output due to increased intrathoracic pressure, winch may lead to reduced placental oxygenation; - and increased fetal intracranial pressure due to head compression leading to a potential decrease in fetal cerebral oxygenation. In addition, the umbilical cord often forms one or more loops around the fetal neck, which may get tightened as the head descends leading to an acute and intermittent cessation of fetal oxygenation.
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