Purpose Of The Study: Nocardia affects immunocompromised human host exhibiting an altered cell-mediated immunity. Infectious risk after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is significantly correlated to the recovery status of donor-derived immune system, especially CD4 T-cells reconstitution and thymopoiesis. The purpose of this paper is to highlight a lack of cell-mediated immunity recovery for patients presenting a nocardiosis compared to a control cohort.
Patients And Methods: This is a case control retrospective monocentric study. We retrospectively analyzed a monocentric cohort of 15 cases of nocardiosis after AHCT and we explored the degree of patients' immunosuppression by phenotyping circulating lymphoid subpopulations, including NK cells, CD8 T-cells, CD4 T-cells and CD19 B-cells. We focused on CD4 T-cell subsets to appreciate thymic output, especially on naive CD4 T-cells (NTE, CD45RA/RO CD4 T-cells) and recent thymic emigrants (RTE, CD4CD45RA/RO/CD31). Infected patients were paired with a control cohort of patients with identical transplantation characteristics screened on hematological disease, AHCT conditioning, primary graft-versus-host disease (GHVD) prophylaxis, graft type, sex, age, and season at the AHCT and data concerning immunological reconstitution were compared.
Results: At onset of nocardiosis, circulating lymphocytes and CD4 T-cells means count were respectively 730/μL and 162/μL. CD8 T-cells, CD56 NK cells and CD19 B-cells means count were respectively 362/μL, 160/μL, 112/μL. CD4 T-cells subpopulations, naïve CD4 T-cells production was impaired with NTE and RTE means count at 26/μL and 11/μL respectively. Comparison between nocardiosis cohort and control cohort over time highlight significant lower cellular count for lymphocytes, CD4 T-cells, NTE and RTE with p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: Immune recovery monitoring follow-up after AHCT is of particular importance to identify patients susceptible to develop Nocardiosis. Efficient microbiological investigations toward Nocardia such PCR should be used in case of compatible clinical presentation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2019.05.001 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions are targets for immunotherapies aimed to reinvigorate T cell function. Recently, it was documented that PD-L1 regulates dendritic cell (DC) migration through intracellular signaling events. In this study, we find that both preclinical murine and clinically available human PD-L1 antibodies limit DC migration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Microbiol
January 2025
Midwifery Education Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr. Soebandi University, Jember, Indonesia.
Anaemia and thrombocytopenia are blood-related irregularities linked to an increased likelihood of disease progression, leading to death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (PLHIV). Severe clinical conditions associated with human immunodeficiency 1 (HIV-1) infection may be related to blood irregularities among PLHIV. The study aimed to examine the factors correlated with blood irregularities among PLHIV receiving antiretroviral treatment in West Papua.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cells
January 2025
Sangamo Therapeutics, 501 Canal Blvd. Richmond, CA.
iPSCs can serve as a renewable source of a consistent edited cell product, overcoming limitations of primary cells. While feeder-free generation of clinical grade iPSC-derived CD8 T cells has been achieved, differentiation of iPSC-derived CD4sp and regulatory T cells requires mouse stromal cells in an artificial thymic organoid. Here we report a serum- and feeder-free differentiation process suitable for large-scale production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurosci Ther
January 2025
Department of Research, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability among adults. Given the restricted therapeutic window for intravascular interventions and neuroprotection during the acute phase, there has been a growing focus on tissue repair and functional recovery in the subacute and chronic phases after stroke. The pro-inflammatory microglial polarization occurs in subacute and chronic phases after stroke and may represent therapeutic targets for stroke recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Basic Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Objectives: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes that have vital roles in activating further immune responses. However, due to their tumor-induced diversity, we decided to examine ILCs, T cells, and the associated cytokines in mouse models of breast cancer.
Materials And Methods: 4T1 and MC4-L2 cells were used to induce triple-negative and hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, respectively.
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