Kinetic host defense of the mice infected with .

is one of the most common opportunistic fungi that can cause invasive infection. To profile the kinetic variation of immune cells and cytokines after exposure to thoroughly, we established a pulmonary infection model in temporarily immunosuppressed mice. Systematic and kinetic studies of different immune cells and cytokines were performed. We observed that the granulocytes and macrophages recruited to the site of infection played an important role in the infectious phase. There was a significant increase in the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α as well as the chemokines CXCL1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 and CCL5 after infection. IL-10 was found to participate in balancing the anti-inflammatory response in the recovery phases. The immune response mediated by T cells was mainly presented by the Th1-type on day 7 after exposure with a high proportion of IFN-γ CD4 T cells and CD4CD44CD62L effector T cells. These kinetic parameters of the immune response might provide diagnostic clues for infection.