The current study compared the role of massed versus distributed practice in learning novel foreign language utterances. Fifty healthy native English-speaking participants were randomly assigned to either massed or distributed practice groups. All participants practiced eight novel French utterances 25 times each for a total of 200 times, with the spacing of practice sessions differing between the two groups. Both the groups completed an immediate retention as well as a delayed retention test. Participants' learning was evaluated based on phonetic accuracy and naturalness of the French utterances. The findings revealed that participants involved in distributed practice demonstrated better learning over participants involved in massed practice. Future research should aim to extrapolate these findings in treating speech disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2018-0007 | DOI Listing |
Nat Med
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
The delivery of accurate diagnoses is crucial in healthcare and represents the gateway to appropriate and timely treatment. Although recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in few-shot or zero-shot learning, their effectiveness in clinical diagnosis remains unproven. Here we present MedFound, a generalist medical language model with 176 billion parameters, pre-trained on a large-scale corpus derived from diverse medical text and real-world clinical records.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, London, UK.
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are considered the most promising approach to address the global issue of counterfeiting. Current PUF devices are often based on a single stochastic process, which can be broken, especially since their practical encoding capacities can be significantly lower than the theoretical value. Here we present stochastic PUF devices with features across multiple length scales, which incorporate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) as fluorescent taggants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharm Res
January 2025
Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a correlative microscopy-tomography approach in conjunction with machine learning-based image segmentation techniques, with the goal of enabling quantitative structural and compositional elucidation of real-world pharmaceutical tablets.
Methods: Specifically, the approach involves three sequential steps: 1) user-oriented tablet constituent identification and characterization using correlative mosaic field-of-view SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques, 2) phase contrast synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (SyncCT) characterization of a large, representative volume of the tablet, and 3) constituent segmentation and quantification of the imaging data through user-guided, iterative supervised machine learning and deep learning.
Results: This approach was implemented on a real-world tablet containing 15% API and multiple common excipients.
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
ConspectusThe emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), has sparked significant interest due to their unique physicochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, their atomically thin nature enables mechanical flexibility, high sensitivity, and simple integration onto flexible substrates, such as paper and plastic.The surface chemistry of a nanomaterial determines many of its properties, such as its chemical and catalytic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Surg
December 2024
University of Michigan Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 1540 East Hospital Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109-4211, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Pediatric Surgical Critical Care (PSCC) is a unique specialty incorporating fundamental principles of surgical, neonatal, and pediatric critical care. This study aims to characterize the current landscape of PSCC training to identify opportunities for educational standardization and improvement.
Methods: An anonymous electronic survey-based assessment was distributed to the program directors (PDs) of all current ACGME-accredited PSCC fellowships (n = 14).
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