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The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin.
Vitam Horm
January 2025
Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address:
The balance between food intake and energy expenditure is precisely regulated to maintain adipose stores. Leptin, which is produced in and released from adipose in direct proportion to its size, is a major contributor to this control and initiates its homeostatic responses largely via binding to leptin receptors (LepR) in the hypothalamus. Decreases in hypothalamic LepR binding signals starvation, leading to hunger and reduced energy expenditure, whereas increases in hypothalamic LepR binding can suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin, modulation of hypothalamic activity, and reproduction.
Vitam Horm
January 2025
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:
Light is the most reliable environmental cue allowing animals to breed successfully when conditions are optimal. In seasonal breeders, photoperiod (length of daylight) information is sensed by the eyes and transmitted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master clock region located in the hypothalamus. This structure has a 24-h firing rhythm involving a cycle of clock protein synthesis and degradation, and provides the timing to synchronize the synthesis and release of melatonin, the chemical signal that transduces the photoperiod information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKushenol O Regulates GALNT7/NF-κB axis-Mediated Macrophage M2 Polarization and Efferocytosis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Phytomedicine
January 2025
The Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528400, China. Electronic address:
Background: The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is on the rise globally. It is frequently associated with early lymphatic metastasis, and the poor prognosis tends to be poor once metastasis or recurrence occurs, even with current treatment modalities. Kushenol O, a novel extract derived from Sophora flavescens, has shown remarkable anticancer properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of a Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor on Basal and Thyroliberin-Stimulated Activity of Thyroid System in Diabetic Rats.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
The approaches to correct thyroid deficiency include replacement therapy with thyroid hormones (THs), but such therapy causes a number of side effects. A possible alternative is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activators, including allosteric agonists. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ethyl-2-(4-(4-(5-amino-6-(-butylcarbamoyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)--1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) acetate (TPY3m), a TSH receptor allosteric agonist developed by us, on basal and thyroliberin (TRH)-stimulated TH levels and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male rats with high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrine Disruptors Chemicals: Impacts of Bisphenol A, Tributyltin and Lead on Thyroid Function.
Mol Cell Endocrinol
January 2025
Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina (Endocrinologia), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Fisiologia), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
The large-scale industrial production characteristic of the last century led to an increase in man-made compounds and mobilization of natural compounds, many of which can accumulate in the environment and organisms due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties. The endocrine system is especially vulnerable to these compounds that are known as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs). Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal development and growth, besides being the main regulators of basal metabolic rate.
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