Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a significant determinant of cell tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. Bile salts and histo-blood group antigens are key mediators of norovirus entry; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules promote infection and the identity of a potential human norovirus receptor remain unknown. Recently, there have been several important advances in norovirus entry biology including the identification of CD300lf as the receptor for murine norovirus and of the role of the minor capsid protein VP2 in viral genome release. Here, we will review the current understanding about norovirus attachment and entry and highlight important future directions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630345 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060495 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Attachment and removal of porcine rotavirus (PRV) and Tulane virus (TV) on fresh and artificial phylloplanes of Romaine lettuce and Carmel spinach as affected by ultrasonication in combination with oxidant- or surfactant-based sanitizer(s).
Int J Food Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA. Electronic address:
This work examined the attachment of porcine rotavirus (PRV) and Tulane virus (TV), a surrogate for human norovirus, to fresh and artificial phylloplanes of Romaine lettuce and Carmel spinach. The effect of produce type, sanitizer, and ultrasound treatment on removal of PRV and TV from produce and artificial surfaces was also investigated. Sanitization was performed with two oxidant-based sanitizers (chlorine and peroxyacetic acid) and one surfactant-based sanitizer (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Distinct Subdomains of Human Norovirus P Protein.
Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother
December 2024
Department of Biology of Mucosal Pathogen, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China.
The human norovirus (HuNov) major capsid VP1comprises an S (shell) and a P (protruding) domain; the latter is responsible for virus attachment and infection. The dimeric formation of P (containing P1 and P2 subdomains) is indispensable for forming a receptor-binding pocket, enabling HuNov to dock to attachment factor histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on the host cell. Thus, the P-specific antibody may hamper the engagement of P and HBGA, thereby inhibiting virus infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensitive Electrochemical and Thermal Detection of Human Noroviruses Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles Generated against a Viral Target.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2024
School of Engineering, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
Norovirus (NoV) is the predominant cause of foodborne illness globally; current detection methods are typically expensive, have inadequate sensitivities, and utilize biological receptors with poor stability. Therefore, accurate, cost-effective, and highly stable detection methods are needed to screen for NoV in foods. We developed molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to detect NoV using a small target epitope (12 amino acids) with a solid-phase synthesis approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe attachment factors and attachment receptors of human noroviruses.
Food Microbiol
October 2024
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. Electronic address:
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading etiological agent causing the worldwide outbreaks of acute epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are commonly acknowledged as cellular receptors or co-receptors for HuNoVs. However, certain genotypes of HuNoVs cannot bind with any HBGAs, suggesting potential additional co-factors and attachment receptors have not been identified yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a broad-spectrum therapeutic Fc-nanobody for human noroviruses.
J Virol
July 2024
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Human norovirus, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks, lacks approved vaccines or antivirals, but recent research on norovirus inhibitors like monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and nanobodies shows promise in blocking virus replication.
- The study focused on enhancing a cross-reactive nanobody (NB26) by conjugating it with a human IgG Fc domain to create Fc-NB26, which displayed significantly improved binding and neutralization capabilities against various norovirus strains.
- The findings indicate that structural modifications to nanobodies not only heighten their efficacy but also offer potential pathways for developing broad-spectrum therapeutics against the evolving norovirus landscape.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!