With the approval of exenatide in 2005, physicians had a new class of hypoglycemic agents available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes-the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (or GLP-1 receptor agonists). As of this writing, there are seven drugs in this class available in the United States. In addition to demonstrating either cardiovascular risk neutrality or overt benefit, as now mandated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many of these drugs have other, unexpected actions. It is our goal to outline these actions, some beneficial, some not. We have reviewed English-language articles in this area, not for an exhaustive study, but rather a broad search to define current understanding and perhaps generate further investigation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/met.2018.0134 | DOI Listing |
Drugs Aging
January 2025
Program for the Care and Study of the Aging Heart, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 420 East 70th St, New York, NY, LH-36510063, USA.
There are several pharmacologic agents that have been touted as guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it is important to recognize that older adults with HFpEF also contend with an increased risk for adverse effects from medications due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications, as well as the concurrence of geriatric conditions such as polypharmacy and frailty. With this review, we discuss the underlying evidence for the benefits of various treatments in HFpEF and incorporate key considerations for older adults, a subpopulation that may be at higher risk for adverse drug events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Cardiol Rep
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Purpose Of Review: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, characterized by hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Patients with MASLD are at increased risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Within this review article, we aimed to provide an update on the pathophysiology of MASLD, its interplay with cardiovascular disease, and current treatment strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Rev Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Maternal and Child Health Care.
Background: Anrikefon (HSK21542), a potent and selective peripheral kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist developed by Haisco, effectively blocks pain and itch signals.
Aim: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for anrikefon and conduct exposure-response (E-R) analysis for safety and efficacy in postoperative pain patients.
Method: The Population PK analysis uses NONMEM software with data from six trials.
Geroscience
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Sarcopenia, the pathological age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, contributes to physical decline, frailty, and diminished healthspan. The impact of sarcopenia is expected to rise as the aging population grows, and treatments remain limited. Therefore, novel approaches for enhancing physical function and strength in older adults are desperately needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeart Lung Circ
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Heart, Exercise and Research Trials (HEART) Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapies are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Despite growing awareness of potentially increased risk of pulmonary aspiration due to delayed gastric emptying, the risks and benefits of their perioperative use in patients undergoing cardiac procedures remains unexplored. A scoping review was performed to investigate the perioperative GLP-1RA use in patients undergoing cardiac procedures and recommendations.
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