The influence of chlorination timing and concentration on microbial communities in labyrinth channels: implications for biofilm removal.

Chlorination is an effective method to control biofilm formation in enclosed pipelines. To date, very little is known about how to control biofilms at the mesoscale in complex pipelines through chlorination. In this study, the dynamic of microbial communities was examined under different residual chlorine concentrations on the biofilms attached to labyrinth channels for drip irrigation using reclaimed water. The results indicated that the microbial phospholipid fatty acids, extracellular polymeric substances, microbial dynamics, and the ace and Shannon microbial diversity indices showed a gradual decrease after chlorination. However, chlorination increased microbial activity by 0.5-19.2%. The increase in the relative abundances of chloride-resistant bacteria ( and ) could lead to a potential risk of chlorine resistance. Thus, keeping a low chlorine concentration (0.83 mg l for 3 h) is effective for controlling biofilm formation in the labyrinth channels.