is an indigenous species in Africa and has been reported in the destruction of several crops in Benin. Management of pest is mainly focused on the use of synthetic pyrethroids, which may contribute to resistance selection. This study aimed to screen the susceptibility pattern of field populations of to deltamethrin in Benin. Relevant information on the type of pesticides used by farmers were gathered through surveys. Collected samples of (F) were reared to F. F were subjected to morphological speciation followed by a confirmation using restriction fragment length polymorphism coupled with a polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). F (larvae) were used for insecticide susceptibility with deltamethrin alone and in the presence of the P450 inhibitor Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO). Deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were the most used pyrethroids in tomato and cotton farms respectively. All field-sampled were found to be . Susceptibility assays of to deltamethrin revealed a high resistance pattern in cowpea (resistance factor (RF) = 2340), cotton (RF varying from 12 to 516) and tomato (RF=85) farms which is a concern for the control of this major polyphagous agricultural pest. There was a significant increase of mortality when deltamethrin insecticide was combined with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), suggesting the possible involvement of detoxification enzymes such as oxidase. This study highlights the presence of P450 induced metabolic resistance in populations from diverse cropping systems in Benin. The recorded high levels of deltamethrin resistance in is a concern for the control of this major agricultural pest in Benin as the country is currently embarking into economical expansion of cotton, vegetables and grain-legumes cropping systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111882 | DOI Listing |
Malar J
December 2024
Vector Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Background: Insecticide-based malaria vector control has been implemented on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for more than 20 years. During this period malaria incidence was significantly reduced to pre-elimination levels. While cases remained low since 2015, these have significantly increased in the last year, challenging the commitment of the country to achieve malaria elimination by 2025.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasit Vectors
December 2024
Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Background: Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants is a widespread problem that has a severe impact on productivity and animal welfare. The helminth Haemonchus contortus is generally considered the most important parasite in small ruminants due to its high pathogenicity and the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in it. Although the molecular mechanisms associated with resistance against the anthelmintics benzimidazoles (BZs) and levamisole are relatively well understood, the resistance mechanisms against the widely used anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones (MLs) ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacokinet
December 2024
Certara Predictive Technologies (CPT), Sheffield, UK.
Background: Predicting metabolic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) via cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) is essential in drug development, but controversy has reemerged recently about whether in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) using static models can replace dynamic models for some regulatory filings and label recommendations.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if static and dynamic models are equivalent for the quantitative prediction of metabolic DDIs arising from competitive CYP inhibition.
Methods: Drug parameter spaces were varied to simulate 30,000 DDIs between hypothetical substrates and inhibitors of CYP3A4.
Pharmacol Res
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark. Electronic address:
It was shown previously that a metabolite of acetaminophen (APAP), N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), is a potent vasodilator, which could underlie the hypotension observed when APAP is administered intravenously. However, it is unknown whether APAP metabolism to NAPQI is possible in the vasculature. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that APAP is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes within the endothelium, which may be accelerated in critically ill patients by the presence of elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
December 2024
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Rędzina 1B, Kraków 30-248, Poland.
Triclosan (TCS) is commonly used worldwide due to its bactericidal and antifungal properties. There are data suggesting the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ). Since the effect of TCS on mouse fibroblasts has not been described so far, we decided to investigate the mechanism of action of this compound in the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (3T3-L1).
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