To evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum AFU for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Concentration of AFU and AFP were measured in 512 patients. The performance was compared for AFU and AFP alone or in combination. The area under the curve (AUC) for AFU was 0.68, with a sensitivity of 56.1% and specificity of 69.2% at the cut-off value of 24 U/l; whereas the AUC for AFP was 0.83, with a sensitivity of 58.2% and specificity of 85.2% at cut-off value of 20 ng/ml. The AUC of AFU alone or the combination with AFP were lower than that of AFP alone. AFU is a suboptimal biomarker for early detection of HCC.
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