Factors predicting identity as educators and openness to improve: an exploratory study.

Context: Researchers suggest that teachers' work environment affects their sense of connectedness and appreciation, which affects their educator identity. However, sessional (also known as adjunct, clinical, contingent and non-tenured) faculty members may struggle with their educator identity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the extent to which perceived connectedness and received appreciation predicted identity as a medical (health care science) educator and openness to improve in tenure-track and sessional faculty members.

Methods: We utilised an 'identification with teaching' scale to measure medical educator identity. We developed scales to measure perceived connectedness to university department, openness to improve teaching, and appreciation as a motivation to try a new teaching method. We then hypothesised a path model between these constructs. We surveyed faculty members at a health sciences school and performed confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling using data from a sample of 73 tenure-track and 146 sessional faculty members to explore support for the hypothesised model.

Results: Connectedness and appreciation predicted identity as a medical educator and openness to improve in different ways for sessional and tenure-track faculty members. For tenure-track faculty members, appreciation predicted medical educator identity and openness to improve, whereas a sense of connectedness trended towards predicting an openness to improve. For sessional faculty members, connectedness to their department predicted their identity as a medical educator, which acted as a mediator to predict an openness to improve.

Discussion: Our data supported the hypothesised model, but the sessional and tenure-track faculty models differed in strength and focus. We explore reasons for these differences based on the working environment of each teacher type. We suggest that the two models partially explain the transformation from 'a clinician who teaches' to a medical educator. Finally, we make suggestions for how identity as a medical educator and openness to improve may be encouraged in both types of teachers.