AI Article Synopsis
- Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor, occurring mainly in humans and more frequently in dogs, highlighting both similarities and differences in the disease between the two species.
- Factors such as height, body size, genetics, and high turnover of bone-forming cells contribute to osteosarcoma risk in both dogs and humans, with stochastic mutational events playing a critical role in its development.
- The review also explores cancer-protective traits in larger mammals and suggests that the rising size and longevity of modern domestic dogs may explain their increased susceptibility to bone cancer.
Article Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Osteosarcomas are rare in humans, but occur more commonly in dogs. A comparative approach to studying osteosarcoma has highlighted many clinical and biologic aspects of the disease that are similar between dogs and humans; however, important species-specific differences are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe risk factors for the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, including height and body size, genetics, and conditions that increase turnover of bone-forming cells, underscoring the concept that stochastic mutational events associated with cellular replication are likely to be the major molecular drivers of this disease. We also discuss adaptive, cancer-protective traits that have evolved in large, long-lived mammals, and how increasing size and longevity in the absence of natural selection can account for the elevated bone cancer risk in modern domestic dogs.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631450 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020048 | DOI Listing |
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