The opening of epoxides typically requires electrophilic activation, and subsequent nucleophilic (S2) attack on the less substituted carbon leads to alcohols with Markovnikov regioselectivity. We describe a cooperative catalysis approach to anti-Markovnikov alcohols by combining titanocene-catalyzed epoxide opening with chromium-catalyzed hydrogen activation and radical reduction. The titanocene enforces the anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity by forming the more highly substituted radical. The chromium catalyst sequentially transfers a hydrogen atom, proton, and electron from molecular hydrogen, avoiding a hydride transfer to the undesired site and resulting in 100% atom economy. Each step of the interconnected catalytic cycles was confirmed separately.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3913 | DOI Listing |
Chemistry
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
The first catalytic enantioselective intramolecular allylic dearomatization of allylic alcohol tethered α- and β-naphthols has been developed with iridium/acid-dual catalysis. A wide range of polycyclic spiroketones containing vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters were readily prepared in good to high yields with high diastereo- and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. An unusual anti-Markovnikov Wacker oxidation has also been shown in synthetic transformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn unprecedented and highly reactive Pd/C catalytic system has been introduced for the regiodivergent hydrocarboxylation of terminal alkynes to selectively afford various acrylic and cinnamic acids employing oxalic acid as a CO source as well as a promoter for the formation of the active Pd-H complex. Herein, the formation of cinnamic acid is proposed to follow a unique anti-Markovnikov hydroiodination mechanism and the formation of acrylic acid might follow the traditional hydrocarboxylation pathway. Additionally, internal alkynes undergo hydrocarboxylation and carbonylative esterification with aliphatic alcohols to yield different α,β-unsaturated acids and esters respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2024
Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds remains a challenging task in organic synthesis. Traditional methods for splitting C=C bonds into two halves typically involve non-redox (metathesis) or oxidative (ozonolysis) mechanisms, limiting their synthetic potential. Disproportionative deconstruction of alkenes, which yields one reduced and one oxidized fragment, remains an unexplored area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
July 2024
Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
ConspectusChemists have long been inspired by biological photosynthesis, wherein a series of excited-state electron transfer (ET) events facilitate the conversion of low energy starting materials such as HO and CO into higher energy products in the form of carbohydrates and O. While this model for utilizing light-driven charge transfer to drive catalytic reactions thermodynamically "uphill" has been extensively adapted for small molecule activation, molecular machines, photoswitches, and solar fuel chemistry, its application in organic synthesis has been less systematically developed. However, the potential benefits of these approaches are significant, both in enabling transformations that cannot be readily achieved using conventional thermal chemistry and in accessing distinct selectivity regimes that are uniquely enabled by excited-state mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
January 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
Deprotonation of triphenyl germane with NHC-supported copper alkoxides afforded four novel (NHC)CuGePh complexes. Of these, (IPr)CuGePh (IPr = :C{N(2,6-iPrCH)CH}) was selected for further investigation. Analysis by EDA-NOCV indicates it to be a germyl nucleophile and its σ-bond metathesis reaction with a range of p-block halides confirmed it to be a convenient source of [PhGe].
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