Evaluation of relationship between inflammatory markers and hyperemesis gravidarum in patients admitted to emergency department.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is defined as severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and considered as one of the most frequent causes to emergency department (ED) admissions. Previous research has shown that HG is associated with systemic inflammation, but there have been no prospective studies to explore this link. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of inflammation in HG pathophysiology and to investigate the association between severity of HG and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and CRP in patients who were admitted to ED with nausea and vomiting.

Methods: This prospective study has been conducted in a tertiary clinic between 2015 and 2016. A total of 162 patients with <16 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancies and without any chronic diseases enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 113 patients with HG and the control group included 49 healthy subjects. PUQE Index and VAS were used to evaluate the severity of symptoms.

Results: Demographical data were similar between both groups. The study group demonstrated significantly higher NLR, PLR and CRP levels (NLR 3.39 vs 2.5, p = 0.001; PLR 134.3 vs 111.2, p = 0.005; CRP 0.85 mg/dL vs 0.19 mg/dL, p = 0.001). While NLR and PLR levels were not correlated with severity of HG, CRP levels were associated with severity of disease (p = 0.001) regarding to PUQE index.

Conclusion: NLR and PLR are easily obtained and routinely used diagnostic tools for various inflammatory diseases. Measurement of this markers might provide useful information in HG pathogenesis and diagnosis.