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Food properties modulate activities in posterior parietal and visual cortex during chewing.
Physiol Behav
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan. Electronic address:
Cross-modal interactions between sensory modalities may be necessary for recognition of chewing food by the invisible oral cavity to avoid damaging the tongue and/or oral mucosa. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate whether the food properties hardness and size influence activities in the posterior parietal cortex and visual cortex during chewing performance in healthy individuals. It was found that an increase in food hardness enhanced both posterior parietal cortex and visual cortex activities, while an increase in food size enhanced activities in the same regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoot microbes can improve plant tolerance to insect damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ecology
January 2025
Entomology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
To limit damage from insect herbivores, plants rely on a blend of defensive mechanisms that includes partnerships with beneficial microbes, particularly those inhabiting roots. While ample evidence exists for microbially mediated resistance responses that directly target insects through changing phytotoxin and volatile profiles, we know surprisingly little about the microbial underpinnings of plant tolerance. Tolerance defenses counteract insect damage via shifts in plant physiology that reallocate resources to fuel compensatory growth, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce oxidative stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic Khat Usage as a Cause of Chronic Hypertensive Encephalopathy and Vascular Dementia: A Case Report.
Cureus
December 2024
Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA.
Khat is a native plant of Eastern Africa that is widely utilized for its stimulant-like effects. It is known to have effects similar to those of amphetamine and has a comparable side effect profile, including tachycardia, hypertension, and insomnia. In this case report, we present a 45-year-old Somali gentleman with a history of more than eight years of chronic Khat use, presenting with progressive cognitive decline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Cadaveric Case Report of Bilateral Accessory Anterior Bellies of the Digastric Muscles.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Anatomical Sciences, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, USA.
The digastric muscle is a suprahyoid muscle that is composed of an anterior belly and a posterior belly, which originate from the first and second pharyngeal arches, respectively, and they are innervated by the nerves of these arches. The digastric muscles are involved in the elevation of the hyoid bone and depression of the mandible during mastication, speech, and swallowing. In this report, we present the rare case of bilateral accessory anterior belly of the digastric muscles (ABDMs) that originated from the digastric fossa, medial to the anterior bellies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelationship between lifestyle factors and cardiovascular disease prevalence in Somaliland: A supervised machine learning approach using data from Hargeisa Group Hospital, 2024.
Curr Probl Cardiol
January 2025
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Hargeis, Hargeisa, Somaliland 25263, Somaliland.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality, with low- and middle-income countries experiencing disproportionately high burdens. In Somaliland, urbanization and lifestyle transitions have increased the prevalence of CVDs, necessitating an in-depth exploration of associated risk factors.
Objective: This study investigated the relationship between lifestyle factors and CVD prevalence among adult patients in Somaliland using data from the Hargeisa Group Hospital in 2024.
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